Public opinion or attention to the masses has long been present in human history. although it was not until the Enlightenment and is not subject to scientific research. Despite the domination of kings and rulers over people's lives Undoubtedly, people have been one of the components of the ruling government under his rule that manner in which the importance of people in the field of politics is to the kind of position and approach that they have had for their rulers. During the second half of the fifteenth century Iran, Aq Quiunlu was ruled in western Iran and government organization to was organized Tribal form and administered. The rule of Aq-Qouyunlu, though most of the time, was a struggle between tribal leaders but he could not ignore

Throughout history of Iran, tradespeople were so noteworthy to government which had tribal structure and dominated society of Iran, due to their social and economic functions. The situation of marketeer, and especially the tradespeople’s guild improved with the invasion of Mongol to Iran far more than before. Mongol who lived in steppes, from the beginning of their attacks on Iran have honored the tradesman’s productions. Many people of this productive class were saved from dying by Mongols during their slaughter. In this study writers are going to answer the question that what were the effect of Mongols and Ilkhans’ policies on social and political status of guilds in Iran. The results of this study indicates that marginalizing the i

The Sherley brothers' mission in Iran dealt with some aspects. They carried a message from England and the Christian world to Shah Abbas. In addition, they trained Iranian army and taught them how to make artillery, they fought with the Iranians against the Ottoman Empire shoulder to shoulder and both of them were sent to Europe for political and commercial purposes by Shah Abbas. Shah Abbas sent the brothers with the intention of making the west frontier active against the Ottoman Empire. Anthony Sherley was sent to Europe once and not getting any result, he didn’t come back to Iran. Moreover Robert Sherley, his younger brother, who was respectfully held as a hostage in Iran, was sent to Europe twice, owing to the fact that Shah Abbas li

Compilation and printing of school books followed the establishment of the first school during the Ghjaried Dynasty in Iran. It was part of social reform of the constitution and the era after that This study aims at reviewing the development process of school text books in Isfahan. The statistical subjects of this research include all school books from the beginning to the end of the Pahlavied era printed in Isfahan. The researchers referred to libraries, museums and private collections using documentary and trend study in order to find out the historical developmental process and quantity and quality of school books. The results suggest that Isfahan was one of the main centers for compiling and printing school books in Iran. Isfahan was, i